11 ChoosingStatTest

TL;DR

An overview of hypothesis testing and statistical tests, explaining how to choose the right statistical test and calculate p-values.

Transcript

now that we've talked about those p-values you might want to know how do we get a p-value how do the statisticians that work on all these studies calculate those numbers that they're going to put into the papers that you're going to read so we're going to talk today about hypothesis testing we're going to show you briefly how we choose which statis... Read More

Key Insights

• 😀 Statisticians calculate p-values to determine the statistical significance of the difference between two samples.
• 🗯️ Choosing the right statistical test depends on the type of data for the exposure and outcome.
• 🏆 Different statistical tests are used for categorical variables, continuous variables, and correlations.
• 😀 P-values indicate how weird the results would be assuming the null hypothesis is true.
• 🤯 Encouraging results with low p-values suggest potential positive effects or relationships.
• 🏆 The master chart helps in identifying the appropriate statistical test based on the types of data.
• 🏆 Statistical tests are tools used to generate p-values, providing mathematical evidence for or against hypotheses.

Questions & Answers

Q: How do statisticians calculate p-values?

Statisticians calculate p-values by using specific equations or statistical tests to determine how different two samples are and quantify the level of difference.

Q: What are the key factors in choosing the right statistical test?

The key factors in choosing the right statistical test are understanding the type of data for the exposure and outcome and matching them with the appropriate statistical test from a master chart.

Q: Can you explain the concept of p-values using an example study on a drug trial?

Yes, for example, in a drug trial for Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria, comparing the survival rates of a group on lonafarnib to a group not taking the drug, the data showed a significant difference, indicating a potential positive effect of the drug.

Q: How is a correlation between variables calculated and tested?

Correlations between variables are calculated using methods like Pearson's correlation test, which provides a p-value to quantify the strength and significance of the relationship between variables.

Summary & Key Takeaways

• The content discusses hypothesis testing and how statisticians calculate p-values for studies.

• It emphasizes the importance of choosing the right statistical test for the job.

• The speaker uses examples to illustrate different types of data and the corresponding statistical tests.