How Creativity in Humor, Art, and Science Works: Arthur Koestler’s Theory of Bisociation

How Creativity in Humor, Art, and Science Works: Arthur Koestler’s Theory of Bisociation

"The discoveries of yesterday are the truisms of tomorrow, because we can add to our knowledge but cannot subtract from it." This quote by Arthur Koestler perfectly captures the essence of how creativity operates in various fields, including humor, art, and science. Koestler's theory of bisociation sheds light on the underlying pattern of the creative act, where two self-consistent but habitually incompatible frames of reference, M1 and M2, come together to form a new idea or insight.

To understand this concept further, let's delve into the different aspects of creativity in humor, art, and science.

Humor, often considered the pinnacle of creativity, relies heavily on bisociation. The pun, for example, is a classic form of bisociation where a single phonetic form is tied to two distinct meanings. This creates a humorous effect as our minds navigate between the two meanings, resulting in laughter. The independent and autonomous nature of the matrices brought into contact in the creative act of humor is what makes it so enjoyable and unique.

Similarly, art thrives on the transitory juxtaposition of matrices. Artists have the ability to combine seemingly unrelated ideas, images, or concepts to create something entirely new and thought-provoking. The re-structuring of mental organization through artistic creation can have a revolutionary or destructive impact, as it challenges existing norms and perceptions.

Science, on the other hand, operates in a different manner. While art and humor rely on the temporary integration of matrices, science aims for their permanent integration into a cumulative and hierarchical order. The discoveries made in science are built upon existing knowledge, adding to the ever-growing body of information. Unlike art and humor, which revel in the independence of their components, science seeks to unite and systematize knowledge for the progress of humanity.

But how does this understanding of creativity in humor, art, and science translate into practical advice for individuals looking to enhance their creative abilities? Here are three actionable tips:

• 1. Embrace the collision of ideas: To foster creativity, actively seek out different perspectives and ideas from diverse sources. Allow these different frames of reference to collide in your mind, creating new connections and associations. This collision of ideas can lead to unique insights and creative breakthroughs.

• 2. Challenge existing norms: Break free from the constraints of established conventions and norms. Just as artists and comedians challenge societal expectations, embrace the opportunity to question and reimagine the status quo. This rebellious attitude can open up new avenues for creativity and innovation.

• 3. Expand your knowledge base: To achieve objective novelty in your creative endeavors, strive to operate on the highest level of existing knowledge. Continuously expand your knowledge base, explore new fields, and learn from a wide range of disciplines. This broad understanding will provide you with a rich pool of matrices to bisociate and create something truly original.

In conclusion, Arthur Koestler's theory of bisociation offers valuable insights into how creativity operates in humor, art, and science. Whether it's the puns in jokes, the juxtaposition of images in art, or the integration of knowledge in science, bisociation plays a fundamental role in the creative act. By embracing the collision of ideas, challenging existing norms, and expanding our knowledge base, we can tap into our innate creative abilities and unlock new possibilities. So, let us embrace the power of bisociation and unleash our creative potential.