Scoping reviews are a valuable tool in evidence synthesis, providing an overview of existing literature on a particular topic. They help to identify gaps in knowledge, highlight areas for further research, and inform decision-making. However, conducting a scoping review requires careful planning and execution, including the crucial step of data extraction.

Scoping reviews are a valuable tool in evidence synthesis, providing an overview of existing literature on a particular topic. They help to identify gaps in knowledge, highlight areas for further research, and inform decision-making. However, conducting a scoping review requires careful planning and execution, including the crucial step of data extraction.

Data extraction, also known as "data charting," involves summarizing the key information from selected sources in a logical and descriptive manner. This process allows researchers to extract relevant findings and insights from the literature and synthesize them in a meaningful way. The JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis provides guidance on the data extraction process, emphasizing the importance of developing a draft charting table or form at the protocol stage.

The charting table should record essential information such as the author, reference, and results or findings relevant to the review question. As the review progresses, the charting table should be updated and refined accordingly. It should include details such as the year of publication, the origin or country of origin of the source, the aims or purpose of the study, and the population and sample size if applicable.

Additionally, the charting table should capture details about the methodology or methods used, including information about the intervention type, comparator, and duration if applicable. Outcomes and how they were measured should also be noted. Finally, key findings that relate to the scoping review question should be summarized in the charting table.

The JBI methodology guidance for scoping reviews provides a data extraction instrument in Appendix 11.1, which reviewers can adapt for their own protocols and reviews. However, it is important for reviewers to be transparent and clear in their methods regarding what and how they have extracted data. This transparency ensures the credibility and reliability of the scoping review findings.

Furthermore, the data extraction process is not a one-time activity but rather an iterative one. As the review team becomes familiar with the source results, the charting table should be continually updated to capture all relevant information. To ensure that all relevant results are extracted, it is recommended to pilot test the extraction form on two or three sources. This pilot testing should involve at least two members of the review team to ensure consistency and accuracy.

In conclusion, data extraction is a crucial step in conducting a scoping review. It involves summarizing the key information from selected sources in a logical and descriptive manner. By following the guidance provided by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and piloting the extraction form, reviewers can ensure that all relevant results are captured. This process enhances the transparency, credibility, and reliability of the scoping review findings.

Actionable advice:

1. Develop a draft charting table or form at the protocol stage to record key information from selected sources.
2. Continually update and refine the charting table as the review progresses, capturing all relevant information.
3. Pilot test the extraction form on two or three sources with at least two members of the review team to ensure consistency and accuracy.

Scoping reviews are a valuable tool in evidence synthesis, providing an overview of existing literature on a particular topic. They help to identify gaps in knowledge, highlight areas for further research, and inform decision-making. However, conducting a scoping review requires careful planning and execution, including the crucial step of data extraction.