Ionic and Atomic Radius - Periodic Trends

TL;DR

Atomic size decreases as you go to the right on the periodic table, and increases as you go down.

Transcript

in this video we're going to focus on atomic radii and ionic radii so what you need to know is that atoms they get smaller as you go to the right and I get bigger as you go down so atomic size or atomic radii increases as you go this way in a periodic table so as you go to the left the atom gets bigger and as you go down they get bigger so let's un... Read More

Key Insights

• 🗯️ Atomic size decreases as you move to the right on the periodic table due to increased effective nuclear charge.
• 🈂️ Effective nuclear charge is the attractive force exerted by protons on valence electrons.
• 👶 Atomic size increases as you move down the periodic table because new rows add new energy levels.
• 🍹 Cations, or positively charged ions, are generally smaller than their parent atoms.
• 😑 Anions, or negatively charged ions, are generally larger than their parent atoms due to electron repulsion.
• 🫀 Ionic radii follow the same trend as atomic radii, with cations being smaller and anions being larger.
• 🍹 As you move from cations to anions, there is a temporary increase in size before the size decreases again.

Questions & Answers

Q: Why does atomic size decrease as you go to the right on the periodic table?

Atomic size decreases as you go to the right due to the increase in effective nuclear charge caused by more protons. The protons pull the electrons closer to the nucleus, making the atom smaller.

Q: How does effective nuclear charge affect atomic size?

Effective nuclear charge refers to the attractive force exerted by the protons on the valence electrons. As the number of protons increases, the effective nuclear charge also increases, causing the atomic size to decrease.

Q: Why does atomic size increase as you go down the periodic table?

Atomic size increases as you go down because each new row adds a new energy level, resulting in a larger atomic size. The addition of more electrons to new energy levels expands the electron cloud.

Q: How does the number of energy levels affect atomic size?

The more energy levels an atom has, the larger its size. This is because each energy level can accommodate a certain number of electrons, and as more energy levels are added, the atom expands to fit the additional electrons.

Summary & Key Takeaways

• Atoms get smaller as you move to the right on the periodic table and larger as you move down.

• The decrease in atomic size as you move to the right is due to the increase in effective nuclear charge caused by more protons.

• Ionic radii follow the same trend as atomic radii, with cations being smaller than their parent atoms and anions being larger.