Biology Biotechnology Principles part 5 (Genetic modification of Organism) class 12 XII

TL;DR

Learn how genes are extracted from one organism and inserted into another through the process of genetic engineering.

Transcript

hello friends this video on biotechnology principles part 5 is brought to you by example.com no more fear from exam so now we will understand how is the mix and match of genes done so by now all we know is that the gene is extracted from one organism and then it is introduced inside another organism but how this extraction and introduction is actua... Read More

Key Insights

• 🪪 Genetic engineering involves the identification and extraction of desired genes from one organism to be introduced into another.
• ✂️ Restriction enzymes act as DNA scissors to cut the DNA at specific locations to isolate the gene of interest.
• 🛟 Plasmid DNA serves as a vector or carrier to introduce the desired gene into the target organism.
• 🧬 DNA ligase is an enzyme that helps in joining the cut piece of DNA with the vector DNA.
• 💁 The recombinant DNA formed through this process can replicate and pass on the desired gene to the next generation.
• ©️ The process of creating multiple copies of a desired gene through genetic engineering is known as gene cloning.
• 👻 Genetic engineering allows for the modification of an organism's genetic makeup and can impact both the organism and its progeny.

Questions & Answers

Q: How is a desired gene identified in genetic engineering?

The desired gene is identified based on its specific characteristic or trait, such as the glowing nature in a jellyfish.

Q: How is the DNA cut to isolate the desired gene?

Special molecules called restriction enzymes act as DNA scissors and cut the DNA at specific locations based on the location of the gene of interest.

Q: Why is a vector needed in genetic engineering?

A vector, usually in the form of a plasmid DNA, acts as a carrier to introduce the cut piece of DNA containing the desired gene into the target organism and allows it to replicate.

Q: How is the cut piece of DNA linked with the vector DNA?

The cut DNA piece is linked to the vector DNA using an enzyme called DNA ligase, which acts as a glue to join the two DNA molecules together.

Summary & Key Takeaways

• Genetic engineering involves identifying and extracting desired genes from one organism and introducing them into another organism.

• The first step is to identify the specific gene of interest, such as the glow-in-the-dark gene in a jellyfish.

• After identifying the gene, it is cut from the DNA using restriction enzymes and the desired gene-containing piece of DNA is isolated.