Permanent or Non Carbonate or Non Alkaline Hardness - Water - Engineering Chemistry 1

TL;DR

Permanent hardness of water is caused by certain minerals and salts, such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, and cannot be removed by physical methods like boiling. Chemical treatments, such as lime soda method, zeolite permeate method, and ion exchange method, are used to convert permanent hard water into temporary hard water and then into soft water.

Transcript

click the bell icon to get latest videos from ekeeda hello friends in today's video we are going to talk about permanent hardness of water now whenever we talk about hard water there are two types of hardnesses the first one is temporary hardness and the second one is permanent hardness in today's video we'll see what exactly is permanent hardness ... Read More

Key Insights

• 💦 Permanent hardness of water is caused by dissolved chlorides, sulfates, and nitrates of calcium and magnesium.
• ❓ Physical methods like boiling cannot remove permanent hardness.
• 😑 Chemical treatments, such as lime soda method, zeolite permeate method, and ion exchange method, are used to convert permanent hardness into temporary hardness and then into soft water.
• ❣️ The presence of heavy metals like aluminum and iron can also contribute to permanent hardness.
• 🍹 Cations and anions in the ion exchange method help to remove the hardness-causing impurities in water.
• ❓ Lime soda method and zeolite permeate method are other effective chemical treatments for permanent hardness.
• 💦 Impure water can be both hard and soft, depending on the presence of hardness-causing impurities.

Questions & Answers

Q: What is the difference between temporary hardness and permanent hardness of water?

Temporary hardness is caused by carbonates and bicarbonates, while permanent hardness is caused by dissolved chlorides, sulfates, and nitrates of calcium and magnesium.

Q: Can permanent hardness of water be removed by boiling?

No, boiling only removes temporary hardness as it breaks down carbonates and bicarbonates into precipitates. Permanent hardness requires chemical treatment.

Q: What are the minerals and salts that cause permanent hardness of water?

The minerals and salts that cause permanent hardness include calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), as well as calcium sulfate (CaSO4), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), and traces of other heavy metals like aluminum and iron.

Q: What are the three commonly used chemical methods for removing permanent hardness of water?

The three commonly used chemical methods are the lime soda method, zeolite permeate method, and ion exchange method.

Summary & Key Takeaways

• Permanent hardness of water is caused by dissolved chlorides, sulfates, and nitrates of calcium and magnesium.

• Physical methods like boiling can remove temporary hardness, but permanent hardness requires chemical treatment.

• Lime soda method, zeolite permeate method, and ion exchange method are three commonly used chemical treatments for removing permanent hardness of water.