Embryonic stem cells | Cells | MCAT | Khan Academy | Summary and Q&A

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September 30, 2009
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Embryonic stem cells | Cells | MCAT | Khan Academy

TL;DR

The process of fertilized egg development into a blastocyst involves cleavage, differentiation of outer cells (trophoblasts) and inner cells (embryoblast), and the potential use of embryonic stem cells for medical purposes.

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Key Insights

  • 💁 Fertilization results in the formation of a diploid zygote.
  • 🥺 Cleavage leads to the formation of a morula, which resembles a mulberry.
  • ❓ The morula eventually develops into a blastocyst with trophoblast and embryoblast cells.
  • 😒 Embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into any cell type and have sparked debates regarding their use due to the destruction of embryos.

Transcript

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Questions & Answers

Q: What happens after fertilization?

After fertilization, the zygote undergoes cleavage, which involves mitosis and splitting into multiple cells.

Q: How does the zygote develop into a blastocyst?

The mass of cells formed during cleavage is called a morula, which differentiates into outer trophoblast cells and inner embryoblast cells, eventually forming a blastocyst.

Q: What are embryoblast cells?

Embryoblast cells are the inner cells of the blastocyst that have the potential to turn into any cell type in the human body.

Q: What are trophoblast cells?

Trophoblast cells are the outer cells of the blastocyst that contribute to the formation of the placenta in mammals.

Summary & Key Takeaways

  • After fertilization, a zygote is formed, which is a diploid cell ready to develop into an organism.

  • Cleavage occurs, where the zygote undergoes mitosis and splits into multiple cells.

  • The mass of cells formed is called a morula, which later develops into a blastocyst with outer trophoblast cells and inner embryoblast cells.

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