Biology Microbes in Human Welfare part 15 (Questions) class 12 XII

TL;DR

A comprehensive analysis of the role of microbes in human welfare, including their applications in food production, disease treatment, and environmental sustainability.

Transcript

hello friends this video on microbes in human welfare part 15 is brought to you by example.com no more fear from exam so with this we have reached towards the end of this lesson so let us look at some of the questions question number one give examples to prove that microbes release gases during metabolism so how do we know that microorganisms when ... Read More

Key Insights

• 😋 Microbes, like bacteria and yeast, play a crucial role in food production by releasing gases during metabolism, contributing to the fluffy texture of baked goods.
• 🦠 Lactic acid bacteria found in curd have numerous applications, including curdling milk, pickling vegetables, and promoting a healthy stomach environment by preventing the growth of disease-causing microbes.
• ❓ Microbes' production of antibiotics, such as penicillin, has revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.
• 🧑‍⚕️ Sewage, if not properly treated, can pose a significant threat to public health and the environment.
• 💦 The BOD test is an effective method for determining water pollution levels based on the oxygen demand of decomposing organic matter.
• 🦠 Various microbes are used to produce important medicines like cyclosporin A and statins.
• ⛽ Biogas, as a renewable energy source, provides an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fuels.

Questions & Answers

Q: How do we know that microbes release gases during metabolism, and what are some examples?

Microbes, like bacteria and yeast, release gases like carbon dioxide during metabolic processes. For example, lactic acid bacteria release carbon dioxide during fermentation, which makes dough fluffy in bakery products like bread and cakes.

Q: In which food can lactic acid bacteria be found, and what are some of their useful applications?

Lactic acid bacteria are commonly found in curd. They are used in applications such as curdling milk, pickling vegetables, and preventing the growth of disease-causing microbes in the stomach.

Q: How do microbes play a major role in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria?

Microbes contribute to disease control through the production of antibiotics. Penicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline are examples of antibiotics that can treat bacterial infectious diseases by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria.

Q: Name two species of fungus used in the production of antibiotics.

Penicillium notatum and Cephalosporium acremonium are two species of fungus used in the production of antibiotics like penicillin and cephalosporin, respectively.

Q: What is sewage, and how can it be harmful to us?

Sewage is wastewater that contains both solid and liquid wastes. It can be harmful to us as it can contaminate drinking water, cause water pollution, and lead to the spread of waterborne diseases.

Q: What is the key difference between primary and secondary sewage treatment?

Primary sewage treatment involves the mechanical removal of solid particles from sewage, while secondary treatment is a biological process where microorganisms, such as methanogens, are involved in removing organic waste through anaerobic respiration. Primary treatment is less expensive, while secondary treatment requires more complex apparatus.

Q: How can the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test determine the level of water pollution?

The BOD test measures the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter in water. A higher BOD value indicates greater pollution potential, with the dirtiest water having the maximum BOD value.

Q: Which microbes produce cyclosporin A and statins?

Cyclosporin A is produced by Trichoderma polysporum, while statins are derived from Monascus purpureus. These microbes are used to produce immunosuppressive drugs and blood cholesterol-lowering agents, respectively.

Q: Arrange biogas, citric acid, penicillin, and curd in descending order of their importance for human welfare.

Penicillin, being an antibiotic that treats diseases caused by bacteria, is the most important. Biogas, as a renewable source of energy, is the second most important. Citric acid, which acts as a food preservative, is of lesser importance. Curd, being a food item, is the least important.

Summary & Key Takeaways

• Microbes, such as bacteria and yeast, release gases like carbon dioxide during metabolism, which contributes to the fluffiness of dough in bakery products.

• Lactic acid bacteria found in curd are used in various applications, including curdling milk, pickling vegetables, and preventing the growth of disease-causing microbes in the stomach.

• Microbes play a major role in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria through the production of antibiotics like penicillin.