Genetically Starving: DNA and Appetite - Professor Steve Jones

TL;DR

Genetic mutations can cause obesity by affecting appetite hormones, such as leptin, and researchers have discovered various genes in mice and humans linked to appetite and obesity.

Transcript

now this is an interesting Mouse because this Mouse has a mutation in a gene which uh which not surprisingly is called the obese mutant and it turned up it must be a long time ago now must be 15 years ago um uh it turned up 15 years ago in a laboratory stock um and if you've got two copies of this Gene uh you get morbidly obese and this animal is m... Read More

Key Insights

• ❓ Genetic mutations can cause obesity by affecting appetite hormones like leptin.
• 😕 The FTO gene, which causes fused toes in mice, also exists in humans but has a different function.
• 🧠 Appetite regulation is primarily controlled by genes in the brain, not the digestive system.
• 🎮 Obesity can be managed by understanding and controlling one's appetite.
• 🎮 The discovery of appetite-related genes highlights the complexity of genetics in relation to obesity and appetite control.
• 😋 Environment and access to food play a significant role in the manifestation of obesity for those at risk.
• 😋 A genetic predisposition for obesity does not guarantee obesity unless there is an environment with an abundance of food.

Questions & Answers

Q: How does the obesity mutant gene affect mice and humans?

The obesity mutant gene can cause morbid obesity in both mice and humans. In mice, having two copies of this gene results in extreme obesity. In humans, children born with a deficiency in the hormone leptin, which this gene controls, also experience severe obesity.

Q: What is leptin and how does it affect hunger?

Leptin is a satiety hormone that signals the brain when the body has consumed enough food. Without leptin, individuals, like the boy mentioned in the content, experience constant hunger and have a hard time feeling satiated.

Q: Why is the discovery of the FTO gene important?

The FTO gene, originally associated with fused toes in mice, has also been found in humans. However, its function in humans is still not fully understood. It has been associated with appetite regulation, but further research is needed to determine its exact role.

Q: Are genes related to obesity primarily active in the digestive system?

No, genes related to obesity and appetite control are primarily active in the brain. They influence hunger and satiety signals, indicating that appetite regulation is crucial in preventing obesity.

Summary & Key Takeaways

• Certain genetic mutations, like the obesity mutant gene, can cause morbid obesity in mice and humans.

• Leptin, a satiety hormone, plays a crucial role in regulating hunger, and its deficiency can lead to constant hunger.

• The FTO gene, which causes fused toes in mice, has also been found in humans, but its function in the human body remains unknown.