"A Conflict of Visions" by Thomas Sowell explores the fundamental differences in how people view the world and its problems. Sowell identifies two distinct visions: the constrained and the unconstrained vision.

The constrained vision recognizes the inherent limitations and constraints of human nature and focuses on the importance of institutions and traditions in guiding human behavior. It embraces the idea that individuals are fallible and thus advocates for incremental, evolutionary changes in society.

On the other hand, the unconstrained vision believes in the potential of humans to constantly improve society through reason and intellect. It disregards the importance of institutions and traditions, instead placing its trust in the power of individuals to shape the world according to their ideals.

Through a historical and philosophical analysis of various thinkers from across the ideological spectrum, Sowell demonstrates how these two visions shape political and social ideologies, as well as policy debates. He also highlights the dangers of the unconstrained vision when it becomes detached from reality and ignores the unintended consequences of its well-intentioned actions.

In a world often divided by conflicting ideologies, "A Conflict of Visions" offers invaluable insights into the underlying philosophical foundations that drive these differences. By understanding these divergent visions, Sowell invites readers to reconsider their own assumptions, challenge prevailing dogmas, and engage in thoughtful and informed debates about the future of society.