"The Subject of the Lyrical Utterance: Approaching its Problematic Nature". The subject of the lyrical utterance: approaching its problematic nature. This topic brings forth the interest that comes with the influence of pragmatics, which in the 1960s shifted the focus of discussion from the statement itself to the participants involved in its emission: the utterer and the addressee. They began to view the poem as a special statement (or a "special type of speech act") that involves an emitter and a recipient, in which the identification of the poetic speaker becomes of utmost importance. This shift in focus centers the interest on the act of speaking itself as one of the fundamental traits.

"The Subject of the Lyrical Utterance: Approaching its Problematic Nature". The subject of the lyrical utterance: approaching its problematic nature. This topic brings forth the interest that comes with the influence of pragmatics, which in the 1960s shifted the focus of discussion from the statement itself to the participants involved in its emission: the utterer and the addressee. They began to view the poem as a special statement (or a "special type of speech act") that involves an emitter and a recipient, in which the identification of the poetic speaker becomes of utmost importance. This shift in focus centers the interest on the act of speaking itself as one of the fundamental traits.

The concept of literary markers, closely associated with the Russian formalist school led by Roman Jakobson, distinguishes literary texts from those that are not. The formalists saw poetry as a language that is peculiarly self-aware. Poems were composed of words, and literariness is closely tied to the specific use of literary language. Literary language is employed in a way that departs from the familiar, the everyday, and presents itself to the reader from a new perspective. It is connotative, ambiguous, subjective, and with a polysemic character.

One of the markers of literariness is connotative language, which allows for many possibilities of interpretation. The words in literary pieces are evocative, and their semantic value does not depend solely on the explicit code of the language. They are filled with multiple meanings or polysemy, referring to the various interpretations that a single literary text can have.

Another marker is the predominance of the poetic function, aiming to influence the reader's mood and evoke emotions and feelings. This function takes precedence over the referential function, which focuses on conveying information. The syntax in literary texts also exhibits a special usage, with a flexibility in syntactic rules. This allows for a unique arrangement of words and phrases that enhances the aesthetic experience.

In addition, the vocabulary used in literary texts is precise and irreplaceable. Each word holds its own significance and cannot be substituted by another. The vocabulary used and the syntax employed are closely related, working together to create a rich and immersive literary experience.

Furthermore, figures of speech or rhetorical devices play a significant role in literary texts. They add depth, nuance, and artistic flair to the language, enriching the overall meaning and impact of the piece.

Bringing these two topics together, the discussion of the subject of the lyrical utterance and the concept of literary markers sheds light on the complexity and artistry of literary texts. The subject of the lyrical utterance, viewed as the poetic speaker, becomes a crucial element in understanding the act of speaking and the communication between the poet and the reader.

To further enhance the understanding and appreciation of literary texts, here are three actionable pieces of advice:

1. Pay attention to the connotative language and multiple meanings present in literary texts. Dive deep into the various interpretations and layers of meaning, allowing yourself to explore different perspectives and emotions.

2. Analyze the interplay between the poetic and referential functions in a text. Observe how the language and structure work together to create an aesthetic experience, while also conveying information and ideas.

3. Familiarize yourself with different figures of speech and rhetorical devices commonly used in literature. Recognize how they contribute to the overall impact of the text, adding richness and depth to the language.

In conclusion, the subject of the lyrical utterance and the concept of literary markers provide valuable insights into the world of literature. They highlight the unique qualities of literary language and its ability to evoke emotions, convey meaning, and captivate readers. By understanding and appreciating these elements, readers can delve deeper into the beauty and artistry of literary texts."