Turn Short-Term Games Into Long-Term Games | Summary and Q&A

Summary

In this video, the speaker discusses the concepts of Pareto optimal and Pareto superior in the context of negotiations. Pareto superior means that a solution is better in some ways without being worse in any other way, while Pareto optimal refers to the best possible solution that cannot be changed without making it worse in at least one dimension. The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding these concepts in negotiations, where solutions should be made Pareto superior to gain an advantage. Additionally, the speaker suggests that negotiations are often won by the party who cares less, as wanting something too badly can result in the other party taking advantage. They recommend turning negotiations into a long-term game by considering reputation, involving others who may have an interest in the matter, or turning a single move game into a multi-move game to improve negotiating leverage.

Questions & Answers

Q: What is Pareto optimal?

Pareto optimal means that a solution is the best it can possibly be, and any changes would make it worse in at least one dimension. This concept is significant in negotiations, as it helps determine the ideal outcome that cannot be improved without detriment.

Q: How does Pareto superior differ from Pareto optimal?

Pareto superior refers to a solution that is better in some ways without being worse off in any other way. It does not necessarily reach the absolute best outcome like Pareto optimal. In negotiations, aiming for a Pareto superior solution can provide an advantage.

Q: Why is it important to make a solution Pareto superior in negotiations?

Making a solution Pareto superior in negotiations is crucial because it signifies improvement in certain aspects without any downside. This allows negotiators to demonstrate that they are not worse off with the proposed solution, giving them a stronger position.

Q: What does the speaker suggest about negotiation in terms of caring less?

The speaker suggests that negotiations are often won by the party who cares less. When someone wants something too badly, the other party can exploit this by extracting more favorable terms. Therefore, it is advisable not to want something too desperately in negotiations.

Q: How can one deal with being taken advantage of in a negotiation?

If someone is taking advantage of you in a negotiation because you care more about the outcome, the best way to address this is by turning it into a long-term game. This can be achieved by considering reputation, involving others who may have an interest or influence in the matter, or extending the negotiation into multiple moves.

Q: Can you provide an example of a high-cost, low-information single move game in negotiation?

Certainly. A prime example of a high-cost, low-information single move game in negotiation is having one's house renovated, particularly the kitchen. In such cases, contractors are often known for overbooking, ripping people off, and being unaccountable. Homeowners may have unrealistic demands, and there is often a lack of understanding on both sides due to the complexity and expense of the transaction.

Q: How can one mitigate the risks in a high-cost, low-information single move game?

To mitigate the risks in a high-cost, low-information single move game, such as a house renovation, one can convert it into a multi-move game. This can be done by splitting the work into multiple projects and evaluating the contractor's performance before proceeding to the next project. Alternatively, involving friends or community members who have projects waiting can create a sense of accountability and reputation protection for the contractor.

Q: How can reputation play a role in negotiations?

Reputation can significantly impact negotiations. Building a reputation within a community or industry ensures that one's actions and behavior are well-known. This can influence negotiation outcomes by providing an incentive for the other party to be fair and take long-term consequences into account.

Q: Why is information considered a crucial aspect of negotiations?

Information is essential in negotiations because it allows both parties to make informed decisions and understand the true value and implications of different proposals. Lack of information can lead to misunderstandings, overcharging, or exploitation in negotiations, therefore, finding ways to increase information flow is important.

Q: How can one leverage third-party reviews in negotiations?

Third-party reviews, such as Yelp or Thumbtack reviews, can be leveraged in negotiations to bring transparency and accountability. By leaving a review for a contractor or service provider, one can influence their reputation and, consequently, their behavior in future negotiations. This can help level the playing field and improve the negotiating position.

Takeaways

In negotiations, understanding the concepts of Pareto optimal and Pareto superior can greatly affect outcomes. By making solutions Pareto superior, negotiators can demonstrate improvements without any downsides, giving them a stronger position. Additionally, caring less in negotiations can be advantageous, as wanting something too desperately can lead to the other party exploiting the situation. Turning negotiations into long-term games by considering reputation, involving others, or extending the negotiation process can also improve negotiating leverage. Lastly, leveraging information and reviews can increase transparency and accountability, leading to fairer outcomes.