Niklas Luhmann: Function, Code, and Ontology of the Media | Summary and Q&A

TL;DR

Luhmann's theory of media suggests that it constructs a dual reality through second-order observation, leading to an ongoing generation of information and constant irritation in society.

Key Insights

• 🔉 Luhmann's theory of media applies to traditional and social media, emphasizing the relevance and applicability of his ideas to modern society.
• 🔉 Manipulation is inherent to media systems, and Luhmann does not seek to eliminate it but understands its role as part of the system.
• 🔉 The media produces a background reality and facilitates communication, but this knowledge is always incomplete, debatable, and subject to constant updates.
• 🔉 Luhmann rejects the notion that media should educate or generate more knowledge, asserting that their function is to create restlessness and provoke society to interact with an evolving reality.
• 💁 The media code distinguishes between information and non-information, shaping communication patterns and defining what is known to be known.
• 👷 Luhmann's theory aligns with Kant's transcendental idealism, as both emphasize the construction of reality through observation and communication.
• 👷 Luhmann's theory is not a definitive or objective description of media reality but acknowledges the complexity of constructing reality through ongoing observations.

Transcript

so let me start this video with a preamble, for  clarification Niklas Luhmann’s media theory is outlined in his book The Reality of the Mass Media this was written in the 1990s, toward the end of his life and is exclusively about traditional mass media, like print media and TV Luhmann neither knew the Internet nor social media in the forms we use t... Read More

Questions & Answers

Q: How does Luhmann view the role of manipulation in the media?

Luhmann sees manipulation as a fundamental aspect of media, but differs from mainstream theorists by not demanding an end to manipulation or seeking hidden manipulators. He considers manipulation as inherent to the system and recognizes its role in generating interest and intrigue.

Q: What does Luhmann mean by the "knowledge known to be known" produced by the media?

Luhmann argues that the media produces a vague global reality or memory that is accepted as known, even if personally unobserved. It is a shared knowledge derived from second-order observation, where people observe others' observations through the media.

Q: How does Luhmann characterize the function of the media in society?

Luhmann argues that the media's function is to keep society restless and continuously adapt to an evolving background reality. It stimulates society and generates irritation, rather than aiming for consensus or education.

Q: What is the role of the media code in Luhmann's theory?

Luhmann asserts that the media code distinguishes between information and non-information. Media provide information that is known to be known and differentiate it from unknown or unreported information. The code is central to media functioning and shapes communication patterns.

Summary & Key Takeaways

• Luhmann's theory, outlined in his book The Reality of the Mass Media, applies to traditional and social media, emphasizing the role of manipulation and the absence of hidden manipulators within the system.

• The media provides a background reality and a means for communication, although it is always incomplete and debatable.

• Luhmann believes the media's prime function is to create restlessness and curiosity in society, rather than aiming for consensus or education.