How To Calculate The Effective Nuclear Charge of an Electron | Summary and Q&A

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January 31, 2019
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The Organic Chemistry Tutor
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How To Calculate The Effective Nuclear Charge of an Electron

TL;DR

Effective nuclear charge is calculated by subtracting the number of inner shell electrons from the atomic number, determining the attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons.

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Key Insights

  • 🈂️ Effective nuclear charge determines the attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons.
  • 🐚 The number of inner shell electrons affects the shielding and effective nuclear charge on valence electrons.
  • 🐚 Shell number impacts the magnitude of effective nuclear charge.
  • ✋ Valence electrons experience the highest effective nuclear charge.
  • 🫀 The atomic number provides information about the number of protons and electrons in an atom.
  • 🖐️ Effective nuclear charge plays a crucial role in determining chemical properties and reactivity.
  • 🈂️ The effective nuclear charge is calculated using a simple formula.

Transcript

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Questions & Answers

Q: How is effective nuclear charge calculated?

Effective nuclear charge is calculated by subtracting the number of inner shell electrons from the atomic number of an atom.

Q: What is the significance of valence electrons?

Valence electrons determine the chemical reactivity and bonding behavior of an atom.

Q: What is the effective nuclear charge for an outermost electron in an aluminum atom?

The effective nuclear charge for an outermost electron in aluminum is 3, as there are 10 inner shell electrons (2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell) that shield it from the nucleus.

Q: How does effective nuclear charge vary with the shell number?

The effective nuclear charge increases with decreasing shell number, as the distance between the valence electron and the nucleus decreases.

Summary & Key Takeaways

  • Effective nuclear charge is a measure of the attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons in an atom.

  • It is calculated by subtracting the number of inner shell electrons from the atomic number.

  • The effective nuclear charge determines the behavior and properties of atoms.

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