Disturbance in AC side - Faults and Protection - High Voltage Direct Current Transmission | Summary and Q&A

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April 7, 2022
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Ekeeda
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Disturbance in AC side - Faults and Protection - High Voltage Direct Current Transmission

TL;DR

This video discusses the disturbances on the AC side, particularly lightning strokes and temporary over voltages, and their impact on converter stations.

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Key Insights

  • ⚡ Lightning strokes are surge waves with high voltage and frequency that can damage electrical equipment.
  • 🧭 AC filters help reduce the magnitude and steepness of lightning strokes when passed through converter transformers.
  • ⚡ Switching surges and temporary over voltages can occur during fault initiation and clearing, causing stress on surge arrestors and insulators.
  • ⚡ Energization of the converter transformer can lead to high voltages due to inrush magnetizing current.
  • 🚉 Temporary over voltages due to load rejections can be dangerous for converter stations connected to weak AC systems.
  • 🤳 Self-excitation can occur in isolating generating plants supplying converters, resulting in uncontrolled excitation of synchronous generators.

Transcript

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Questions & Answers

Q: What are lightning strokes and how do they affect electrical equipment?

Lightning strokes are high-voltage surge waves with high frequency that can damage equipment connected to the AC network. They can cause steep fronted high voltage waves and reduce the magnitude and stiffness of AC filters.

Q: What happens when lightning strokes pass through the converter transformer?

When lightning strokes pass through the converter station, they appear as highly damped switching surges. The damping factor reduces their magnitude and amplitude over time, preventing further damage.

Q: What is the role of protective equipment in clearing faults in the AC system?

Protective equipment, such as circuit breakers, relays, and arrestors, help initiate and clear faults in the AC system. They prevent switching surges and temporary over voltages, ensuring the system remains stable.

Q: How does energization of the converter transformer cause high voltages?

Energization of the converter transformer can cause high voltages due to inrush magnetizing current. This current divides into magnetizing current and no-load current, leading to temporary over voltages that stress surge arrestors and insulators.

Summary & Key Takeaways

  • Disturbances on the AC side, such as lightning strokes, are surge waves with high voltage and frequency that can damage electrical equipment.

  • AC filters help reduce the magnitude and steepness of lightning strokes, but when passed through converter transformers, they become highly damped switching surges.

  • Initiating and clearing faults in the AC system can lead to switching surges and temporary over voltages, which may cause stress on surge arrestors and insulators.

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