Conduction and Breakdown in Commercial Liquid - Breakdown in Liquid and Solid Dielectric | Summary and Q&A

TL;DR

Commercial liquids containing impurities experience reduced breakdown strength compared to pure liquids or gaseous mediums, and breakdown mechanisms are influenced by the presence of impurities.

Key Insights

• 🫢 Commercial insulating liquids contain impurities in the form of solid particles or gas bubbles, which significantly reduce their breakdown strength.
• 🫢 Breakdown in commercial liquids leads to the evolution of additional gases and gas bubbles, as well as the roughening of the electrode surfaces.
• 🫗 The breakdown mechanism in commercial liquids is influenced by factors such as the nature and condition of electrodes, physical properties of the liquid, and the presence of impurities and gases.
• 👁️‍🗨️ The suspended particle mechanism and the cavitation and bubble mechanism are two theories proposed to explain conduction and breakdown in commercial liquids.
• 👁️‍🗨️ The suspended particle mechanism focuses on the presence of solid impurities in the liquid, while the cavitation and bubble mechanism involve the formation and elongation of gas bubbles in the liquid.
• 🫢 The breakdown strength of commercial liquids depends on factors such as the initial size of gas bubbles, hydrostatic pressure, and temperature.
• 🫗 The breakdown strength of commercial liquids is lower compared to pure liquids or gaseous mediums due to the presence of impurities.

Transcript

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Questions & Answers

Q: How do impurities affect the breakdown strength of commercial liquids?

Impurities in the form of solid particles or gas bubbles significantly reduce the breakdown strength of commercial liquids compared to pure liquids or gaseous mediums. These impurities disrupt the conduction process and cause the formation of gas bubbles during breakdown.

Q: What factors influence the breakdown mechanism in commercial liquids?

The breakdown mechanism in commercial liquids is influenced by factors such as the nature and condition of electrodes, physical properties of the liquid (melting point, boiling point), and the presence of impurities and gases. These factors affect the conduction process and can lead to breakdown.

Q: How do impurities affect the electrode surface in commercial liquids?

Impurities in commercial liquids cause the electrode surface to become rough. This roughening occurs due to the presence of solid particles or gas bubbles, and it can result in explosive sounds being heard during the conduction process.

Q: What are the two theories proposed to explain conduction and breakdown in commercial liquids?

The two theories proposed are the suspended particle mechanism and the cavitation and bubble mechanism. The suspended particle mechanism relates to the presence of small spherical solid particles in commercial liquids, while the cavitation and bubble mechanism focus on the formation of gas pockets in the liquid.

Summary & Key Takeaways

• Commercial insulating liquids are not chemically pure and contain impurities in the form of solid particles or gas bubbles, which significantly reduce their breakdown strength.

• Breakdown in commercial liquids results in the evolution of additional gases and gas bubbles, as well as the roughening of the electrode surfaces.

• The breakdown mechanism in commercial liquids is affected by factors such as the nature and condition of electrodes, physical properties of the liquid, and the presence of impurities and gases.