cramming content inside your brain is not the most effective way to learn. Instead, you need to use metacognitive strategies. Metacognition, put simply, is “thinking about thinking” or “knowing about knowing.”

The word “metacognition” literally means “above cognition”—it’s one of the most powerful forms of self-monitoring and self-regulation.

Metacognitive knowledge. What you know about yourself and others in terms of thinking and learning processes.
Metacognitive regulation. The activities and strategies you use to control your learning.
Metacognitive experiences. The thoughts and feelings you have while studying and learning something.

Planning. Before you start learning something new, think about the appropriate learning strategies you will use, as well as how you will allocate your time and energy.

Monitoring. While learning, stay aware of your progress.

Evaluating. When you’re done with a chunk, consider how well you performed and re-evaluate the strategies you used.