In today's globalized world, innovation has become a key driver of economic growth and competitiveness. As companies strive to stay ahead of the curve, they are increasingly turning to global innovation systems to harness the collective knowledge and resources available across borders.

In today's globalized world, innovation has become a key driver of economic growth and competitiveness. As companies strive to stay ahead of the curve, they are increasingly turning to global innovation systems to harness the collective knowledge and resources available across borders.

The concept of global innovation systems challenges the traditional territorial perspective of innovation. In the past, innovation was often viewed through the lens of local, regional, or national systems. However, as system boundaries become increasingly blurred and porous, it is becoming clear that a more holistic approach is needed to understand the dynamics of innovation in transnational contexts.

Some argue that the innovation system perspective, in general, is no longer relevant in today's rapidly changing world. They believe that it is a relic of the past and should be abandoned in favor of new approaches. However, this viewpoint overlooks the fundamental characteristics of capital economies that drive much of the relationships between territories.

While it is true that the spatial complexity of innovation processes has increased, there are still common points that can be found across different innovation systems. These commonalities provide a basis for understanding the dynamics of innovation in transnational contexts.

One common point is the importance of knowledge exchange and collaboration. In a global innovation system, ideas and knowledge flow freely across borders, allowing for the cross-pollination of ideas and the creation of new innovations. This highlights the need for companies and organizations to embrace open innovation models and actively seek out partnerships and collaborations with actors from different countries and regions.

Another common point is the role of technology in driving innovation. In today's digital age, technology plays a crucial role in enabling and accelerating the innovation process. Advances in communication and information technologies have made it easier for companies to connect with partners and access resources from all over the world. This has led to the emergence of global innovation networks, where companies can tap into the expertise and capabilities of partners across different geographies.

Furthermore, the concept of catch-up and tech is a significant aspect of global innovation systems. Catch-up refers to the process by which developing countries strive to close the innovation gap with more advanced economies. These countries often adopt a strategy of imitation and adaptation, leveraging existing technologies and knowledge to accelerate their own development. This highlights the importance of knowledge transfer and technology diffusion in driving innovation in transnational contexts.

In light of these insights, there are three actionable pieces of advice that companies and organizations can take to enhance their participation in global innovation systems:

• 1. Embrace openness and collaboration: Instead of viewing innovation as a strictly internal process, companies should actively seek out partnerships and collaborations with actors from different countries and regions. By embracing open innovation models, companies can tap into a wider pool of knowledge and resources, accelerating the development of new innovations.

• 2. Leverage technology for global connectivity: Companies should harness the power of technology to connect with partners and access resources from all over the world. Advances in communication and information technologies have made it easier than ever for companies to collaborate with partners across different geographies. By leveraging these technologies, companies can tap into global innovation networks and access the expertise and capabilities of partners from diverse backgrounds.

• 3. Foster knowledge transfer and technology diffusion: Companies should actively participate in knowledge transfer and technology diffusion initiatives to drive innovation in transnational contexts. This can involve sharing best practices, providing training and capacity-building programs, and supporting the development of local innovation ecosystems in developing countries. By fostering these initiatives, companies can contribute to closing the innovation gap and drive global economic growth.

In conclusion, the concept of global innovation systems provides a framework for understanding the dynamics of innovation in transnational contexts. While the traditional territorial perspective of innovation may no longer be sufficient, there are still common points that can be found across different innovation systems. By embracing openness and collaboration, leveraging technology for global connectivity, and fostering knowledge transfer and technology diffusion, companies can enhance their participation in global innovation systems and drive economic growth in today's interconnected world.