Top Highlights

• Exhaustion and dehydration, power grid failures and crumbling infrastructure all result in heat stress, which requires building heat resilience. The most obvious way to fight the urban heat island effect is to reintroduce vegetation – expand green cover, plant street trees, install ‘green roofs,’ etc. Other options include introducing ‘cool roofs’ ...
• A sponge city, according to Chinese guidelines, is one that has transformed hard surfaces, such as roads and pavements, into permeable surfaces that can absorb, seep, purify and store water and later release stored water for use. The adoption of porous bricks and porous concrete could lower pavement surface temperature by 12 and 20°C, respectively ...
• An absence of green spaces and inefficient use of energy and fuel in urban infrastructure results in heat islands.

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