Top Highlights

• fear can be defined as a state that occurs “when the sentient brain is aware that its personal well-being (physical, mental, social, cultural, existential) is challenged or may be at some point”
• External cues are elements in the environment that can pose a threat to the health, integrity, and existence of an individual person (e.g., venomous insects and animals, heights, or a social aggressor). Internal cues include bodily states (e.g., arousal) in addition to the thoughts that are produced through our cognitive abilities.
• Fear is defined as “a: an unpleasant often strong emotion caused by anticipation or awareness of danger;
• An organism's detection of potential threat involves innate biological processes that exist across the phylogenetic evolutionary spectrum
• owever, important distinctions between the environmental detection of threat and the conscious experience of human fear

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