- 🌄 **High-Altitude Adaptation**: Ethnic Tibetan women exhibit unique biological traits that enhance oxygen delivery, crucial for thriving in high-altitude hypoxic environments.
- 🧬 **Genomic Insights**: The study identifies significant genomic associations, particularly with the EPAS1 locus, linked to hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation, indicating ongoing natural selection.
- 👶 **Reproductive Success**: Higher oxygen saturation correlates with increased lifetime reproductive success, while extreme hemoglobin levels are associated with fewer live births.
- 🔍 **Natural Selection Evidence**: The research highlights stabilizing selection on hemoglobin concentration and directional selection favoring higher oxygen saturation among Tibetan populations.
- 📊 **Comprehensive Approach**: Integrating reproductive histories, sociocultural factors, physiology, and genotypes is essential for understanding natural selection's impact on adaptive human phenotypes in extreme environments.