In this paper we describe the evolution of these monkey studies, how they provided a greater understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the development of PD and provided the rationale for surgical procedures,
With the discovery of l-dopa the advent of medical therapy began and surgical approaches became less frequent
medical therapy was associated with side effects in the form of drug-induced dyskinesia and motor fluctuations
during this time studies in monkeys had begun to lay the groundwork to understand the functional organization of the basal ganglia, and with the discovery of the neurotoxin MPTP
this model scientists were characterizing the physiological changes that occurred in the basal ganglia in PD and models of basal ganglia function
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