Dynamics of TGF-β signaling reveal adaptive and pulsatile behaviors reflected in the nuclear localization of transcription factor Smad4 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences thumbnail
Dynamics of TGF-β signaling reveal adaptive and pulsatile behaviors reflected in the nuclear localization of transcription factor Smad4 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Our present study shows that the accepted model, in which activated, nuclear-localized R-Smads are synonymous with pathway activation, needs to be refined. Smad4 displayed much shorter stereotyped bursts of nuclear accumulation than seen in the cultured mammalian cells (average burst duration of 30
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  • Our present study shows that the accepted model, in which activated, nuclear-localized R-Smads are synonymous with pathway activation, needs to be refined.
  • Smad4 displayed much shorter stereotyped bursts of nuclear accumulation than seen in the cultured mammalian cells (average burst duration of 30 min as compared with 4 h in the mammalian cells). These bursts were caused by activation of the BMP branch of the pathway and could be inhibited by introducing a dominant-negative BMP receptor.
  • The timing and duration of signaling play an important role in the establishment of cell fates (
  • we show that the dynamics of TGF-β signaling are adaptive or pulsatile depending on the context a

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