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• However, under chapter VB of Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, which was only applicable to establishments having more than 100 workmen, prior permission of appropriate government was required to be obtained before laying off workmen.
• Layoff which was earlier defined under S. 2(kkk) of Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, has now been defined in Industrial Relations Code under S. 2(t). It essentially means the failure, refusal or inability of an employer to give employment to a workman whose name appears on the muster rolls of his industrial establishment. This inability to provide wo...
• it occurs due to no fault of either workman or employer but factors which are beyond their control.
• It results in immediate unemployment which is often temporary and it only occurs in a continuing business.
• industrial establishment having less than fifty workmen or an establishment having a seasonal/intermittent character.

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