Top Highlights

• Interestingly, AD and cancer’s pathologies consist of a remarkable common feature and that is the presence of active cell cycle in both conditions.
• It has been shown that degenerative neurons of hippocampal and basal forebrain areas of AD brains have replicated their DNA, either completely or partially. This evidence proved that DNA replication occurs in neuronal cells of affected areas of AD brains, with no similar phenomenon in unaffected regions of the AD brain or in non-demented age-matche...
• The expression of DNA polymerase β, an error-prone enzyme is frequently over-regulated in AD brains, which is accompanied with the over-expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (Zhang et al., 2014). Due to polymerase β error-prone activity replicated DNA contains a few errors.
• The damaged DNA and unsegregated (catenated) replicons lead the cells to apoptosis (Herrup et al., 2004), however, it is possible that before apoptosis occurs, the neurons remain in a permissive phase of G2 phase for a while. Some studies hypothesize that additional further insults (protein aggregation) is needed for the final progressing of the ne...
• In animal and cell culture studies dysregulation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR (Rodon et al., 2013) was led to tumor formation, while knocking out of PI3K, Akt, or mTOR, blocked this oncogenic transformation (Liu et al., 2009), inhibited tumor growth and blocked its invasiveness (Cheng et al., 2005; Slomovitz and Coleman, 2012; Statz et al., 2017). PI3K/A...

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