Top Highlights

• Through interaction with the tumor microenvironment, ILCs can transdifferentiate into different subsets resulting in pro or anti-tumor immunity.
• ILC subsets are derived from a common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) which differentiate into common innate lymphoid precursors (CLIPS) finally developing into either common helper innate lymphoid precursors (CHILPS) or NK precursors (NKPs, differentiating towards NK cells). CHILPS can give rise to ILC precursors and eventually ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s (7...
• transcription factors and cytokine signatures that resemble the T helper (Th) cell subsets, ILCs can be classified into 5 groups: cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3 and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells (9). Non-cytotoxic helper ILCs are defined by expression of the interleukin (IL)-7 receptor-α chain (CD127), which is not expr...
• In the context of cancer, ILCs can have both pro-tumor and anti-tumorigenic properties based on their phenotype, location, and the tumor microenvironment.
• NK cells are part of group 1 ILCs and their role in tumor immunity has been the focus of numerous studies.

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