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• One of the major limitations of in-situ bioremediation is dilution of the contaminant, leading to lowering of the contaminant concentration. Filamentous fungi are advantageous in situations of low concentration and large dispersion, due to their translocation capabilities inherent to their mycelium growth. Filamentous fungi can extend their hyphae ...
• Furthermore, one major disadvantage of fungi in in-situ application is competition of the bioremediatory fungus with indigenous microbial communities in particular bacteria, which renders the prospects of applications limited (Baldrian, 2008). Nonetheless, fungi may serve as potential agents at decontamination sites that are physically challenging ...
• Ex-situ mycoremediation enables better control over the process as it typically allows better monitoring and control of environmental parameters, growth and performance of the fungi. For example, environmental conditions such as oxygen and pH influence the fungal degradation efficiency of certain pesticides (Castillo and Torstensson, 2007), which c...

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