Top Highlights

• Already, militia attacks have resulted in at least 186 injuries or deaths to American troops serving in the Middle East, including 130 who have suffered traumatic brain injuries and the tragic loss of three U.S. service members in Jordan
• And the Iran-backed Houthi movement in Yemen has launched at least 57 attacks on commercial shipping in the Red Sea
• Iran’s proxy network in the Middle East
• Over four decades, militant proxy groups have become a core component of the Islamic Republic’s regional and international strategy, which relies on asymmetric warfare to gain leverage against more powerful adversaries
• utilizing umbrella groups and joint operation rooms to coalesce and direct diverse factions, while at other times fragmenting existing groups as a means of maintaining its sway.

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