The infection rate can be as high as 90% in developing countries, though it is usually less than 30% in developed countries
general prevalence of H. pylori in Australia has been reported as ranging from 15% to 30%
the prevalence among Aboriginal Australians can reach as high as 76%
Helicobacter pylori is believed to be transmitted between close family members via oral–oral, gastric–oral or faecal–oral routes, usually during childhood and usually from mother to children
the sequence heterogeneity within H. pylori is very high (Tay et al., 2009), likely due to the lack of a proof-reading function in DNA polymerase I (Garcia-Ortiz et al., 2011) together with a very high recombination rate that facilitates the exchange of genes between genetically different isolates
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