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• The preamble or explanatory note to Republic Act No. 47 can not be used as basis for giving it an meaning not apparent on its face. A preamble or explanatory not is resorted to only for clarification in cases of doubt. There is no ambiguity in Republic Act No. 47.
• nstead of limiting the operation of article 80 to minors under 16, had totally abolished the scheme of juvenile reformation, sub-paragraphs 1 and 2 of article 68 of the Revised Penal Code would, in our opinion, remain intact, with the only difference that, as before, they would have full sway, unhampered by any consideration of suspended judgment
• Republic Act No. 47 amended article 80 of the Revised Penal Code
• persons who may be placed on probation under that article,
• amendment did not change in any form or manner the degree of punishment that should be meted out to those who are to be committed to jail or how they are to treated.

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