Cognitive bias cheat sheet thumbnail
Cognitive bias cheat sheet
betterhumans.pub
We notice things that are already primed in memory or repeated often. This is the simple rule that our brains are more likely to notice things that are related to stuff that’s recently been loaded in memory. See: Availability heuristic, Attentional bias, Illusory truth effect, Mere exposure effect,
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Summary

The "Cognitive Bias Cheat Sheet" outlines four major problems our brains have evolved to deal with: information overload, lack of meaning, need to act fast, and need to remember important bits. To address these problems, our brains aggressively filter information, fill in gaps with stories, jump to conclusions, and remember key elements. The cheat sheet also highlights various cognitive biases that affect our thinking, such as confirmation bias, overconfidence bias, and sunk cost fallacy. Understanding these biases can help us make better decisions and avoid common pitfalls in our thinking.

Top Highlights

  • We notice things that are already primed in memory or repeated often. This is the simple rule that our brains are more likely to notice things that are related to stuff that’s recently been loaded in memory. See: Availability heuristic, Attentional bias, Illusory truth effect, Mere exposure effect, Context effect, Cue-dependent forgetting, Mood-con...
  • We notice when something has changed. And we’ll generally tend to weigh the significance of the new value by the direction the change happened (positive or negative) more than re-evaluating the new value as if it had been presented alone. Also applies to when we compare two similar things. See: Anchoring, Contrast effect, Focusing effect, Framing e...
  • We notice flaws in others more easily than flaws in ourselves. Yes, before you see this entire article as a list of quirks that compromise how other people think, realize that you are also subject to these biases. See: Bias blind spot, Naïve cynicism, Naïve realism
  • Bizarre/funny/visually-striking/anthropomorphic things stick out more than non-bizarre/unfunny things. Our brains tend to boost the importance of things that are unusual or surprising. Alternatively, we tend to skip over information that we think is ordinary or expected. See: Bizarreness effect, Humor effect, Von Restorff effect, Negativity bias, P...
  • We are drawn to details that confirm our own existing beliefs. This is a big one. As is the corollary: we tend to ignore details that contradicts our own beliefs. See: Confirmation bias, Congruence bias, Post-purchase rationalization, Choice-supportive bias, Selective perception, Observer-expectancy effect, Experimenter’s bias, Observer effect, Exp...

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