Top Highlights

• Comte de Saint-Simon pleaded for a federal Europe with a common constitution and parliament, which would represent the people rather than the emperors and the states.
• Karl Krause, who in 1814 presented a plan for a federation of states that would unite the peoples of Europe in an alliance of free and independent states and avoid despotic rulers.
• Konrad George von Schmidt-Phiseldeck, who held doctorates in both theology and philosophy, developed his views of a European federation in a retrospective view of the Holy Alliance, which he held in high regard, seeing the accomplishments of the monarchs as providing a new principle for managing internal conflicts and new prerequisites for Europe. ...
• Schmidt-Phiseldeck understood the differences between the nationalities as inextinguishable, as they were rooted in tradition and historical circumstances.
• Saint-Simon: There will undoubtedly come a time when all the people of Europe will feel that questions of common interest must be dealt with before coming down to national interests. Then evils will begin to lessen, troubles abate, wars die out. That is the goal towards which we are ceaselessly moving, towards which the advance of the human mind is...