violence is escalating, according to the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety Foundation, a nonprofit organization that researches hospital security and advocates for workplace safety protocols. The foundation published a survey with responses from more than 200 hospitals last year that reported a 150% increase in violent crime between 2016 and 2021.

While shootings make up a small percentage of violent occurrences in healthcare settings, their growing prevalence reflects a broader culture of abuse that healthcare workers endure. In 2020, 56% of violence-related workplace injuries occurred in healthcare facilities, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Verbal abuse is the most common form, followed by assault, theft and vandalism. Nurses, who spend the most time with patients, and employees of color, are particularly prone to attacks.

Hollier said her clients are increasingly considering "hybrid" security models that incorporate police presence at entry points. Investments are also being made in advanced weapons-screening devices and metal detectors.

Last year, the Joint Commission introduced mandatory standards on workplace violence reporting and management to its accreditation programs. This provides a structured approach for providers, Arnetz said.

In Congress, Rep. Joe Courtney (D-Conn.) authored the Safety from Violence for Healthcare Employees Act of 2023, which would order the Occupational Health and Safety Administration to create new protections. But the House has taken no action to advance the measure, which the American Hospital Association endorsed, and it has no Senate companion.